Small painful sores inside the mouth are commonly called mouth ulcers or canker sores. They often appear on the lips, gums, cheeks, or tongue and can make eating, drinking, or brushing uncomfortable.
Most mouth ulcers are harmless and heal on their own within 1–2 weeks, but recurring or severe ulcers may sometimes signal an underlying issue worth paying attention to.
What Are Mouth Ulcers?
Mouth ulcers are small round or oval sores that usually have:
- A white, yellow, or gray center
- A red border
- Pain or burning sensation
They are not the same as cold sores, which usually appear outside the mouth and are caused by a virus.
Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers
1. Minor Injuries
One of the most common causes is irritation inside the mouth from:
- Accidentally biting the cheek
- Braces or dental appliances
- Aggressive brushing
- Sharp foods
2. Stress and Fatigue
Emotional stress and poor sleep may trigger ulcers in some people.
Many notice outbreaks during stressful periods.
3. Vitamin Deficiencies
Frequent mouth ulcers may sometimes be linked to low levels of:
- Vitamin B12
- Iron
- Folate
A balanced diet may help support oral health.
4. Spicy or Acidic Foods
Foods like citrus fruits, spicy snacks, and acidic drinks may irritate sensitive mouths.
5. Hormonal Changes
Some people experience ulcers during hormonal fluctuations.
Symptoms to Watch For
Common symptoms include:
- Painful mouth sores
- Burning sensation
- Difficulty eating spicy or salty foods
- Swelling around the sore
